ЭКОНОМИКА РЕГИОНА

Infrastructure development plays an important role in reducing poverty, assuring food security and sustainable development of a country. One of the key challenges hindering the economic growth of developing countries is the lack of proper transport, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and energy sector infrastructures. This research aims to examine the importance of transport, ICT and power sector in Ethiopia’s economic growth and identify the main challenges these sectors have been facing based on data obtained from different secondary sources such as websites of the World Bank and Trading Economics, official reports, and published works. Descriptive statistical analysis was implemented to describe the secondary data obtained, while graphs, tables, and charts were used to visualise the results. Despite the difficulties in establishing and sustaining necessary infrastructure, research indicates that the growth of Ethiopia’s economy is largely attributed to infrastructure development. Furthermore, year after year, progress has been made in each sector of development, though there are still obstacles to overcome. Poor quality of road, transport and ICT infrastructure have been key factors of poor development in the country. There is an imbalance between the power needed and the available power. Given Ethiopia’s abundance of resources, the country must continue to prioritise infrastructure development.

He study aims to revisit the relationship between aviation pollution, tourism, and economic development through the lens of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), particularly at the regional level, using New Zealand as a case study. We are the first to estimate aviation pollution at regional airports in New Zealand and use them as proxy for the regional pollution in an EKC setting. Our findings provide evidence of an EKC at New Zealand regions, indicating that tourism and economic development contribute to the long-term regional environment improvement. This highlights the necessity for environment policy to be tailored at a regional level, rather than solely at the national scale. Additionally, our research introduces a novel approach to EKC studies by incorporating new pollution estimations, which enhances the understanding of regional environmental dynamics. Among others, we discovered that that the sustainable tourism policy has, and will, work well in New Zealand. This study underscores the importance of considering regional factors in environmental policymaking and offers insights that could inform future strategies for balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability.