Статьи

The blockage of the propagation path is one of the major challenges preventing the deployment of fifth-generation New Radio systems in the millimeter-wave band. To address this issue, the Integrated Access and Backhaul technology has been proposed as a cost-effective solution for increasing the density of access networks. These systems are designed with the goal of avoiding blockages, leaving the question of providing quality-ofservice guarantees aside. However, the use of multi-hop transmission negatively impacts the end-to-end packet latency. In this work, motivated by the need for latency reduction, we design a new link activation policy for self-backhauled Integrated Access and Backhaul systems operating in half-duplex mode. The proposed approach utilizes dynamic queue prioritization based on the number of packets that can be transmitted within a single time slot, enabling more efficient use of resources. Our numerical results show that the proposed priority-based algorithm performs better than existing link scheduling methods for typical system parameter values.

For one-dimensional inhomogeneous (with respect to the spatial variable) linear parabolic equations, a combined approach is used, dividing the original problem into two subproblems. The first of them is an inhomogeneous one-dimensional Poisson problem with Dirichlet–Robin boundary conditions, the search for a solution of which is based on the Chebyshev collocation method. The method was developed based on previously published algorithms for solving ordinary differential equations, in which the solution is sought in the form of an expansion in Chebyshev polynomials of the 1st kind on Gauss–Lobatto grids, which allows the use of discrete orthogonality of polynomials. This approach turns out to be very economical and stable compared to traditional methods, which often lead to the solution of poorly defined systems of linear algebraic equations. In the described approach, the successful use of integration matrices allows complete elimination of the need to deal with ill-conditioned matrices.

The second, homogeneous problem of thermal conductivity is solved by the method of separation of variables. In this case, finding the expansion coefficients of the desired solution in the complete set of solutions to the corresponding Sturm–Liouville problem is reduced to calculating integrals of known functions. A simple technique for constructing Chebyshev interpolants of integrands allows to calculate the integrals by summing interpolation coefficients.

In this paper, we study a queuing system with a single-capacity storage device and queue updating. An update is understood as the following mechanism: an application that enters the system and finds another application in the drive destroys it, taking its place in the drive. It should be noted that systems with one or another update mechanism have long attracted the attention of researchers, since they have important applied significance. Recently, interest in systems of this kind has grown in connection with the tasks of assessing and managing the age of information. A system with a queue update mechanism similar to the one we are considering has already been studied earlier in the works of other authors. However, in these works we were talking about the simplest version of the system with Poisson flow and exponential maintenance. In this paper, we consider a phase-type flow and maintenance system. As a result of our research, we developed a recurrent matrix algorithm for calculating the stationary distribution of states of a Markov process describing the stochastic behavior of the system in question, and obtained expressions for the main indicators of its performance.

The paper considers a single-line retrial queueing system with an unreliable server. Queuing systems are called unreliable if their servers may fail from time to time and require restoration (repair), only after which they can resume servicing customers. The input of the system is a simple Poisson flow of customers. The service time and uptime of the server are distributed exponentially. An incoming customer try to get service. The server can be free, busy or under repair. The customer is serviced immediately if the server is free. If it is busy or under repair, the customer goes into orbit. And after a random time it tries to get service again. The study is carried out by the method of asymptotically diffusion analysis under the condition of a large delay of requests in orbit. In this work, the transfer coefficient and diffusion coefficient were found and a diffusion approximation was constructed.

Economic landscape of Pakistan is determined by an extremely complex interaction of domestic and global forces; navigating it successfully requires a clear understanding of its character. The paper explores the dynamic relationships between macroeconomic variables and GDP growth in Pakistan using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and other stability tests using time series data from 1980 to 2022. The analysis includes variables representing GDP per capita, inflation, imports, total debt as a percentage of GDP, total population, and forestry and agricultural output. The correlation matrix shows a positive association between GDP growth rate and GDP per capita, total debt service is inversely correlated with total population, and GDP demonstrates a significant negative correlation. The ARDL results indicate that GDP per capita and the agriculture and forestry sectors are significant drivers of economic growth. Over the period in question, inflation only marginally affected GDP growth showing how important it is to maintain price stability through effective policies. Imports provide short-term benefits by enhancing productivity through capital goods and technology inflows but they may pose long-term challenges due to trade imbalances. The influence of population growth appears to be ambivalent: in the short term it contributes to economic growth by increasing labor supply and consumption; in the long term, however, its effect may become detrimental owing to resource constraints. Public debt shows little influence in the short term but negatively impacts growth over time by increasing the fiscal burden of debt servicing. These findings suggest that to achieve long-term economic stability and growth, the country needs targeted policy interventions that should help it control inflation, manage the debt sustainably, optimize imports, and invest in agriculture, which is an important determinant of GDP growth. Future research should concentrate on sector-specific studies and the effects of political stability on economic growth in order to provide deeper insights contributing to Pakistan’s sustainable economic development.

Relevance. Corruption remains a persistent issue in many countries, including Kazakhstan. By exploring the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of specific regions and corruption, this research can provide a foundation for informed policy-making and targeted anti-corruption efforts and thus help mitigate its negative impact on regional development. Research Objective. The research aims to assess the impact of corruption on regional socio-economic development in Kazakhstan through the creation and application of a multifactor corruption index. Data and Methods. The study uses official statistical data on corruption offenses and regional socio-economic indicators, including industrial production, fixed asset investments, household expenditures, unemployment rates, and foreign trade volumes. A multifactor index methodology was employed, using Pearson correlation coefficients to calculate averaged absolute values of sub-indices for each indicator. Results. The study found strong correlations between corruption and socio-economic indicators in regions like East Kazakhstan, Abay, Akmola, and Kostanay. The economic structure of these regions plays a key role: East Kazakhstan and Akmola, with dominant mining industries, are more vulnerable to corruption due to public contracts and licensing. Kostanay’s agricultural sector, central to its economy, is prone to corruption in land allocation, subsidies, and procurement. The economic importance of these sectors amplifies the impact of corruption on development, strengthening the correlation. Conversely, regions with lower index values show weaker correlations in the analysis, likely due to economic diversity, incomplete data, or less effective governance mechanisms. Conclusions. The regional specificity of the interrelation between corruption and socio-economic development in Kazakhstan necessitates tailored approaches that consider the unique conditions of each region. These findings can be of interest to policymakers and other stakeholders. The proposed methodology allows for a more precise assessment of both hidden and visible corruption risks, highlighting critical areas for implementing effective anti-corruption measures.

Relevance. Technological sovereignty in the national economy cannot be achieved without a clear understanding of the state of regional industries, particularly their level of technological maturity. This crucial factor drives investment decisions and shapes regional development strategies. However, existing methods for assessing technological development often fail to account for industries’ reliance on foreign technologies and services. Research Objective. The study explores the concept of technological maturity in the context of managing regional industrial development, focusing on the case of regional industries in Russia. Data and Methods. To evaluate the technological maturity of regional industries, we propose an index derived from normalizing key indicators that capture the critical aspects of technological maturity. The normalized indicators are aggregated using the arithmetic mean. Correlation analysis was employed to identify factors influencing technological development. The study is based on official statistics from the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) for 2022. Results. Technological maturity indices are calculated for Russian regions, identifying both strengths and weaknesses. Only nine regions have achieved a medium level of technological maturity, while most remain at low levels. Additionally, many regions leading in terms of technology are highly reliant on imported technologies and services, with minimal exports of domestically developed technologies. These results highlight the need for policy measures tailored to regions’ varying needs and levels of technological maturity. Conclusions The concept of technological maturity provides a strategic framework for regional industrial development that can enhance national economic competitiveness through both embracing modern technologies and ensuring technological independence. The technological maturity index provides a valuable tool for tracking key indicators of technological sovereignty in domestic industries and identifying investment priorities to strengthen it.

Relevance. The study of inclusive economic growth remains highly relevant as the concept of growth continues to evolve. Measuring and analysing its determinants offers opportunities to foster inclusive growth at both regional and national levels. Research Objective. This study analyses inclusive economic growth in East Java’s districts and cities from 2018-2022 by comparing two measurement models: the Social Mobility Curve (SMC), which focuses on income distribution and economic growth, and the Poverty Equivalent Growth Rate (PEGR), which incorporates poverty, inequality, and unemployment. Data and Method. Using data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), the National Labour Force Survey (SAKERNAS), and the National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) for 2018-2022, this study applies the SMC and PEGR models and conducts panel data regression to analyse inclusive growth and its determinants. Results. The findings reveal that economic growth in East Java lacks inclusivity. Income distribution inequality persists across districts and cities, as shown by the SMC results. The PEGR model also indicates ongoing challenges in reducing poverty and unemployment inclusively. Key factors such as the share of manufacturing in GRDP and employment opportunities significantly impact inclusive growth. Conclusions. Encouraging investment growth can create a favourable business climate across all districts/cities, supporting a more equitable contribution to GRDP. As employment opportunities play a significant role in inclusive growth, boosting employment through investment can improve access to education and healthcare, while addressing unemployment. To combat inequality and poverty, the government must refine its data collection on the poor to better target beneficiaries.

Relevance. Local governments in both developed and developing countries act as a vital link between central governments and local communities. Central government funding transfers to local governments are often based on performance measures. In Ghana, the District Performance Assessment Tool (DPAT) has been utilized to evaluate local government performance since 2018, with a primary focus on improving service delivery to meet the needs of local residents. Research objective. This paper aims to analyze how the DPAT was conducted for the five selected local governments in the Central Region of Ghana from 2021 to 2022. Data and methods. The study employs a qualitative approach to the analysis of the primary data gathered from ten technical officers and 16 Assembly members, who served as key informants. A document review guide was also used to collect secondary data. Results. While the DPAT indicators aimed at assessing service delivery to communities, many were focused primarily on the internal operations of local governments. Although the DPAT represents an improvement over the District Development Facility’s Functional and Organizational Assessment Tool, the assessors did not interview Assembly members to verify the services delivered in the communities. Conclusions. The findings and methods of this study can inform analyses of local government performance in Ghana. It is recommended that DPAT assessors conduct field visits to interview Assembly members to enhance the assessment process. This study contributes to the understanding of financial resource allocation and service delivery in local governments.

Relevance. In the current economic climate, maintaining the integrity of regional economic space is crucial. This involves ensuring uniform socio-economic development across regions and promoting a high rate of technology transfer from the center to the periphery. Therefore, it is essential to identify sustainable points of spatial development that represent centers of power concentration and guide spatial transformation. Research objective. The study aims to assess the connectivity of the region’s economic space by measuring population mobility. This approach will help identify the centers of social and labor communications that represent sustainable points of spatial development. The focus of the study is on the municipal districts of Sverdlovsk region, which are key elements of its economic space. Data and methods. The study employed geoinformation analysis of origin-destination matrix of population flows in Sverdlovsk region (Russian Federation), provided by Russian mobile operators. Results. The paper presents the analysis of intracity and intercity population flows based on the average daily data of mobile operators for 2022. The intensity and diversification of population flows in the region’s municipal districts, reflecting the connectivity of its economic space, were estimated using geographic information systems and the Python programming language. The study revealed that Sverdlovsk region has a bicentric system of spatial interconnections, with two distinct centers of attraction: Ekaterinburg and Nizhny Tagil, with Ekaterinburg being the dominant center. Conclusions. The proposed classification of municipal districts by the level of their inclusion into the economic space of Sverdlovsk region illustrates that only 5% are characterized by intensive and diversified inter-territorial interaction, while 34% are characterized by low indicators of intensity and diversification of mobile population flows. The spatial structure of the municipalities in Sverdlovsk region, which are located in the zone of attraction to the agglomeration centers, will be maintained and reinforced.

Relevance. Ensuring equal access to resources is crucial for social development, especially in rural areas. Women in these regions face distinct challenges due to traditional lifestyles and cultural norms, impacting their access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities. Addressing these challenges is vital for the overall development of rural communities. Research objective. This study aims to develop methodological approaches to assessing women’s access to resources in rural areas of Kazakhstan. Data and methods. Based on the investigation of methodological approaches, multinomial logistic regression analysis was proposed to assess the impact of regional differences on gender gaps in access to various resources. The study is based on qualitative data collected from May to June 2023 from a sociological survey conducted among women aged 18-60 in rural settlements of Kazakhstan. A total of 600 respondents were interviewed, and 542 of the respondents had completed questionnaires. This methodology enables the collection, analysis, and processing of primary data, aiding in the assessment of gender disparities in resource access. Results. The proposed methodology facilitated a thorough analysis of qualitative data, offering insights into the problem of gender disparities. Most respondents rated their access to social and economic resources as average, suggesting that while there are available resources, they might not fully meet rural women’s needs or expectations in terms of level or quality. Conclusions. Regions like Akmola, Atyrau, Mangystau, North Kazakhstan, Turkestan, and Zhambyl show significant disparities in resource access, indicating regional inequalities. Addressing this gap necessitates collaborative efforts between government and businesses to enhance resource availability and broaden opportunities for rural women.